Be Wise – Cannabis and Older Adults - MP3 E-Publication
Working with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB), Active Aging Canada is pleased to make available the entire Be Wise booklet as an e-publication. Read in both English and French (coming soon) by CNIB readers, this format allows the visually impaired, and anyone, to listen to the important information available in the Be Wise, Cannabis and Older Adults booklet as it is written.
Each file has one section from the booklet. Each section is titled, and where appropriate, there is a description of the content of the file.
01. Be Wise Cannabis And Older Adults
02. How To Use This Publication
03. Acknowledgments
04. Cannabis And Older Adults
05. Contents
06. About Active Aging Canada
07. What s Inside
08. Section Older Canadians And Cannabis Use
09. Why Older Adults Use Cannabis
10. What Older Canadians Told Us
11. Section Facts About Cannabis
12. Two Varieties Of The Plant Are Used
13. THC And CBD Have Different Therapeutic Uses
14. Ways People Can Consume Cannabis
15. Recreational Cannabis
16. Self-Therapeutic Cannabis
17. Medical Cannabis
18. Section Cannabis And The Law
19. Average Cannabis Costs
20. Where To Obtain Cannabis
21. Where Cannabis Can Be Used
22. Purchasing Medical Cannabis
23. How Cannabis Is Sold
24. Cannabis Content Labeling
25. Identifying Legal Cannabis Products
26. Packaging Labelling
27. Travelling With Cannabis
28. Cannabis Safety
29. Section Therapeutic Benefits
30. Cannabis Help With Health Issues
31. Cannabis And Medical Conditions
32. Benefits Of Cannabis
33. Certain Kinds Of Pain
34. Arthritis
35. Palliative Care
36. Sleep And Insomnia
37. Lack Of Appetite
38. Glaucoma
39. Parkinson s Disease
40. Alzheimer's
41. Mental Health
42. Section Cannabis Side Effects And Risks
43. Older Adults Who Should NOT Use Cannabis
44. Risk Of Falls
45. Driving Risk
46. Addiction Risk
47. Withdrawal Risk
48. Risk Of Overconsumption
49. Risks For Lifelong Cannabis Users
50. Using Cannabis And Alcohol
51. Risks With Cannabis Use And Aging
52. Section Aging And Cannabis
53. Cannabis And Its Effect On The Aging Body
54. Drug Interactions With Cannabis
55. Recreational Cannabis Use And Older Adults
56. If You Are Starting To Use Cannabis Or Starting Again
57. Cannabis And Age-Related Change
58. Section Talking To Your Doctor About Cannabis
59. Talking With Your Doctor
60. Questions To Ask Your Doctor
61. Section Dosing And Your Health Condition
62. Approved Dosing Instructions For My Health
63. Guidelines On Starting Dosages For Recreational Use
64. Guidelines On Starting Dosages For Therapeutic Use
65. Your Personal Usage Log
66. References And Resources
67. It s Easy To Order Your Copy of Be Wise
68. Consultants
69. Closing Credits
01. Be Wise Cannabis And Older Adults
Cover Titles, Contact information, Copyright, ISBN Number, Disclaimer and Languages available.
Transcript
Be Wise, Cannabis and Older Adults
Older Canadians and cannabis use
Facts about cannabis
Cannabis and the law
Therapeutic benefits
Side-effects and risks
Aging and cannabis
Talking to your doctor
Dosing and your health condition
Evidence-based information to educate older adults on cannabis products and their effects.
A publication from Active Aging Canada, Vieillir activement Canada
P.O. Box 143, Stn. Main
Shelburne ON
L9V 3L8
Toll Free: 1-800-549-9799
Phone: 519-925-1676
Email: info@activeagingcanada.ca
Web: www.activeagingcanada.ca
© 2021, ISBN: 978-0-9812531-7-6
Disclaimer: This booklet is intended for information purposes only. It is not intended to offer medical advice or be interpreted or used as a standard of medical practice.
Production of this publication was made possible through a financial contribution from Health Canada's Substance Use and Addictions Program. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of Health Canada's Substance Use and Addictions Program.
This document is also available in 15 other languages.
Farsi, French, German, Greek, Italian, Korean, Mandarin, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Spanish,Tagalog, Tamil, Vietnamese
Producer’s note: the cover of this booklet includes three photographs.
In the first photo: Two women are having coffee. The older woman listens with interest to the younger woman who is talking.
In the second photo: Two men are together in a bright living room. The older man is sitting and appears upset or unhappy. The younger man kneels in front, holding his hand and talking to him.
In the third photo: An older couple is walking with their bulldog on a country road on a sunny, summer day. They appear happy, holding hands and the woman is laughing.
02. How To Use This Publication
Explanation of the organization of the e-publication.
Transcript
How To Use This Publication
This publication is contained on one CD.
CD tracks represent:
How To Use This Publication
Acknowledgements
Cannabis and Older Adults
Contents
About Active Aging Canada
What’s inside
Each section
Each heading within a section
References and Resources
It's easy to order your copy of Be Wise
Consultants
And the closing credits
This publication contains pages 1 to 53. Page numbers are announced by the narrator.
Transcript
Acknowledgments
Active Aging Canada would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their support and contribution to the development of this publication:
Jane Arkell, Executive Director, Active Living Alliance for Canadians with a Disability
Rob Buller, Divisional Cannabis Coordinator, RCMP, “O” Division (Ontario)
Catherine Chiappetta-Swanson PhD, Faculty Member, McMaster University (Social Sciences) & Conestoga College (School of Interdisciplinary Studies)
Wendy Kraglund-Gauthier PhD, Faculty Member & Research Manager, Yorkville University's Faculty of Education
Dessy Pavlova, Marketing Strategist & Board Member with National Institute for Cannabis Health and Education (NICHE)
Greg Penney, Director of Programs, Canadian Public Health Association
Liza Stathokostas PhD, Research Director, Active Aging Canada
Marilyn White-Campbell, Clinical Geriatric Addictions Specialist, Baycrest Long Term Care Behavioural Support Outreach teams
The introduction to the booklet.
Transcript
This resource on cannabis was written specifically for Canadian older adults. Active Aging Canada's purpose is to provide health resources based on the most current scientific evidence available. Creating this document took us around the world to find research relevant to older adults. We found some valid research but more is needed to examine the effects of cannabis on older adults.
Through numerous focus groups and online surveys, we determined what information older adults wanted to know about cannabis, and how they would like to receive that information. This booklet was created to answer your questions and provide you with links and resources to where you can find more information.
There's lots to read, we know, so take your time. We wanted to try to answer all your questions in one handy reference guide.
Healthy aging begins with being informed and educated on health topics. We hope you find this booklet helpful in answering your questions.
Yours in Health,
Patty Clark
Patricia Clark
National Executive Director
Active Aging Canada
Transcript
Contents
About Active Aging Canada
What's inside
Section: Older Canadians and cannabis use Page 1
Why older adults use cannabis Page 2
What older Canadians told us Page 2
Section: Facts about cannabis Page 3
THC and CBD have different therapeutic uses Page 4
Ways people can consume cannabis Page 5
Recreational cannabis Page 7
Self-therapeutic cannabis Page 7
Medical cannabis Page 8
Section: Cannabis and the law Page 9
Average cannabis costs Page 11
Where cannabis can be used Page 11
Purchasing medical cannabis Page 12
How cannabis is sold Page 12
Cannabis content labeling Page 13
Identifying legal cannabis products Page 13
Packaging labelling Page 14
Travelling with cannabis Page 15
Cannabis safety Page 16
Section: Therapeutic benefits Page 17
Cannabis help with health issues Page 17
Cannabis and medical conditions Page 19
Benefits of cannabis Page 19
Certain kinds of pain Page 21
Arthritis Page 22
Palliative care Page 23
Sleep and insomnia Page 24
Lack of appetite / Glaucoma Page 25
Parkinson’s disease Page 26
Alzheimer's Page 27
Mental health Page 28
Section: Cannabis side effects and risks Page 29
Older adults who should NOT use cannabis Page 30
Risk of falls Page 31
Driving risk Page 31
Addiction risk/ Withdrawal risk Page 32
Risk of overconsumption Page 33
Risks for lifelong cannabis users Page 34
Using cannabis and alcohol Page 35
Risks with cannabis use and aging Page 36
Section: Aging and cannabis Page 37
Cannabis and its effect on the aging body Page 37
Drug interactions with cannabis Page 39
Starting to use cannabis (or starting again) in later life Page 41
Cannabis and age-related change Page 42
Section: Talking to your doctor about cannabis Page 43
Questions to ask your doctor Page 46
Section: Dosing and your health condition Page 47
Approved dosing instructions for my health condition Page 47
Starting dosages for recreational use Page 48
Starting dosages for therapeutic use Page 49
Your personal usage log Page 50
References and resources Page 51
Transcript
About Active Aging Canada
Active Aging Canada is a national charity incorporated in 1999.
We strive to promote a society where all adult and older adult Canadians are leading active lifestyles that contribute to their overall well-being.
We support lifelong, healthy, active aging through participation, education, research, and promotion.
We create programs and resources that inform, educate, inspire and motivate older adults to take small steps towards a healthy and active lifestyle.
An active living philosophy is a way of life. It means that as individuals, we build activities into our daily living that reflect our physical, social, mental, emotional, and spiritual values.
‘What you do every day matters’, so make every day count towards a healthy aging lifestyle.
To learn more, please visit www.activeagingcanada.ca
Physical Activity As older adults we need physical activity everyday.
<producer’s note> There is a photo of two women are doing tai chi, their arms are raised above their heads
Text: Healthy Eating, Healthy eating prevents or manages lifestyle diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
<producer’s note> There is a photo of a plate of salad greens, topped with croutons and four quarters of a hard boiled egg.
Text: Mental Health Your mental health is just as important as your physical health. Regular activity makes you feel good, and it's good for your brain.
<producer’s note> There is a photo of a happy smiling woman.
Text: Social activity Make a plan for healthy living and positive aging that includes connecting with your community.
<producer’s note> There is a photo of two women carrying hand weights and walking on a boardwalk. They're looking at each other and are smiling.
Text: Beliefs and Attitudes A positive attitude is one of the keys to healthy living. Take the challenge, and change the way you think about aging and what is possible!
<producer’s note> There is a photo of a man holding a young girl as she spreads her arms and imagines she is flying. Both of them are smiling.
A quick overview of the sections of the Be Wise booklet.
Transcript
What's inside
This booklet briefly describes age-specific information about cannabis (also known as marijuana), why and how it is used, and what the research says about using it to treat health conditions.
Older Canadians and cannabis use
Cannabis use by older adults is increasing. Some want to see if it helps with the effects of aging and chronic disease. Others just enjoy using it (recreational use).
Learn more on pages 1-2.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> Two cannabis leaves against a blackboard showing two molecular diagrams labelled THC and CBD.
Text: Facts about cannabis
Cannabis is any product that comes from the cannabis plant. The active compounds are THC and CBD. Each compound is used for different therapeutic purposes. Cannabis products come in many different forms. The intensity of THC and CBD varies. It depends on what the product is used for.
Learn more on pages 3-8.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> Bottles of oil and a jar of ointment with a cannabis leaf resting on top.
Text: Cannabis and the law
Both medical and recreational cannabis are legal in Canada. Federal law limits how much you can possess, share, or grow. You can only buy it from licensed distributors. Each province and territory also has its own rules for cannabis.
Learn more on pages 9-16.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> A cannabis leaf.
Text: Therapeutic benefits
Older adults report using cannabis, either through their doctor or on their own, for problems such as pain, anxiety, depression, and poor sleep. Some use it as an alternative to a prescription drug. Right now, the scientific evidence to support many of the therapeutic claims is limited.
Learn more on pages 17-28.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> Woman wearing a lab coat with a stethoscope around her neck. She holds a blister pack of capsules and points to two dropper bottles labelled CBD oil.
Text: Cannabis side-effects and risks
Cannabis can have side effects and risks. Side effects for products high in THC can include dry mouth, drowsiness, and impaired balance. Cannabis risks include overconsumption, and driving under the influence.
Learn more on pages 29-36.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> A woman who has fallen to her knees while ascending some concrete stairs outdoors.
Text: Aging and cannabis
As we age, our bodies change and drugs affect us differently. Researchers are still learning about the effects of cannabis on older adults.
Learn more on pages 37-42.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> A young man and older man facing each other, smiling. The older man has his hand on the younger man's shoulder.
Talking to your doctor
This booklet has a list of questions to ask yourself and your health care professional about using cannabis. See pages 43-46.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> a person seated in a chair, holding a tablet and consulting with a doctor via videoconference call.
Dosing and your health condition
There are no formal rules for cannabis dosing. The general advice on finding out how you react to cannabis is: “Start low and go slow.”
Learn more on pages 47-49.
<producer’s note, there is a photo of> A clear dropper bottle containing yellow oil with a cannabis leaf in the background.
08. Section Older Canadians And Cannabis Use
Statistical facts about older Canadians and cannabis use.
Transcript
Section: Older Canadians and cannabis use
Cannabis use by adults 65 years and older is increasing faster than any other age group. In Canada in 2019, 6.6% of older adults reported using cannabis. That is up from 1% in 2012.
Most older adults who use cannabis are new users. A few are life-long users or people who used cannabis in early life and have begun again.
One reason for the increased use is changing attitudes towards cannabis. There is also an increasing curiosity about its health benefits.
There are no stereotypes for a cannabis user. They can be of any age and any background.
<producer’s note, there are two graphs, the first graph shows> the
Percentage of Canadians who are cannabis users, according to age.
16-24 26.3%, 25-44 24.8%, 45-64 10.3%, 65 years and older 6.6%
<the second graph shows the breakdown of Canadian cannabis use> by age for medical, non-medical and both.
Medical use
Non-medical use
Both
Breakdown of Canadian cannabis use by age for medical use, non-medical use and both, by age.
15–24 years, non-medical, 58.3%, both medical and non-medical, 35.4%, note: data unreliable for the 15-24 age group.
25-44 years, non-medical, 47.7%, both medical and non-medical, 34.6%, medical, 17.7%
45-64 years, non-medical, 36.5%, both, 28.8%, medical, 34.7%
65 years and older, non-medical, 24.4%, both, 23.6%, medical, 52%
Text: page 2
09. Why Older Adults Use Cannabis
Transcript
Why older adults use cannabis
Both medicinal and recreational cannabis are now legal in Canada. Most older adult users have therapeutic reasons for using cannabis. They say their main reasons for trying cannabis are to see if it helps with aging and the side effects of chronic disease. They see it as an alternative therapy.
Older adults use medicinal cannabis:
- for pain
- for anxiety and depression
- for sleep problems
- as an alternative to a prescription drug
- to achieve a better quality of life.
10. What Older Canadians Told Us
Some of the results from surveys and focus groups conducted by Active Aging Canada.
Transcript
What older Canadians told us
Since legalization of cannabis in 2018, 30% of our online survey respondents of older Canadians had used cannabis. Amongst our survey sample of 638 people, 40% of those not currently using cannabis were interested and considering using cannabis.
Most of those currently using, and those considering using cannabis, were for medical reasons, primarily because of chronic pain, inflammation, sleep issues, muscle pain, and anxiety.
Over half of our older adult survey responders said:
- hey would like to learn more about cannabis and its risks and benefits
- wanted credible information from a trusted source
- wanted information on medical/therapeutic benefits and use
- a health professional was their main source of trusted information, but recognize that many don’t have training in cannabis use and there is still a stigma attached to asking their doctors about it.
The information we gained from our survey is similar to emerging data indicating both increased use of and interest in cannabis among older adults.
11. Section Facts About Cannabis
Basic information about cannabis.
Transcript
Section: Facts about cannabis
THC and CBD are the two active chemicals in the cannabis plant. The plant can be used in a dried form, or the oil from the plant can be removed and then made into various cannabis products.
12. Two Varieties Of The Plant Are Used
The difference between the Sativa plant and the Indica plant.
Transcript
Two varieties of the plant are used
Indica |
Sativa |
Short plant |
Tall plant |
Broad leaves |
Narrow leaves |
Sedating |
Stimulating |
The leaves and flowers of cannabis contain hundreds of compounds, called phytocannabinoids. The amount of these compounds in any product depends on the cannabis strain, the soil and climate the plant grows in, and how it is cultivated.
The two compounds that we know the most about are:
THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and, CBD (cannabidiol).
THC is the psychoactive compound (alters brain function and affects the mind) in cannabis that makes you feel 'high'.
CBD is not psychoactive, and is being researched for both potential medical and therapeutic effects.
13. THC And CBD Have Different Therapeutic Uses
Basic therapeutic uses of THC and CBD are explained.
Transcript
THC and CBD have different therapeutic uses
THS |
CBD |
Psychoactive |
Non-psychoactive |
Anti-nausea |
Reduce pain caused by inflammation |
Relieve spasms | Control or prevent seizures |
Relieve pain | Control anxiety |
Stimulate appetite |
Relieve symptoms of psychosis |
Depending on how they are made, cannabis products can have a range of potencies or ‘profiles’ of THC and CBD:
- THC dominant
- CBD dominant
- Balanced THC & CBD.
The most common types of cannabis, indica or sativa are often combined to form a hybrid subspecies of these two types.
Each subspecies is marketed for different physiological effects.
Cannabis plants also contain compounds called terpenes. These give the plant its distinct odor and flavor.
The effects of cannabis strains vary with the mixture of terpenes and cannabinoids.
14. Ways People Can Consume Cannabis
The various methods of using cannabis.
Transcript
Ways people can consume cannabis
Smoke it: As a dried plant (dried flower buds).
<picture caption> A pre-rolled cannabis cigarette rests on a dried cannabis flower.
Vaping: Inhale the dried plant as a vapour.
<picture caption> Electronic cigarettes and vaporizers with cartridge.
Cannabis oil: Extract diluted in oil. Oil products show number of grams of cannabis in the oil.
<picture caption> Brown glass bottle with eye-dropper in front of a cannabis leaf.
Spray it: Into the mouth or under the tongue. It is absorbed through the mouth lining.
<picture caption> White bottle with eye dropper lid. White bottle with spray attachment.
Edibles: Food products using a fat or oil infused with dried cannabis.
<picture caption> Two chocolate cupcakes with a cannabis leaf between them.
Topical: A thick oil extract is applied as a gel or cream and absorbed through the skin.
<picture caption> A tube of ointment. A jar of cream with its lid off, the cream is faint green.
Comparing ways of consuming cannabis
The effects of cannabis and how long they last vary. It depends on how you consume it.
Be careful and be patient.
For example, if you are inhaling, it can take seconds to minutes to begin to feel the effects. The full effects might take 10 to 30 minutes.
If you are swallowing a food product or a soft gel, it can take 30 minutes to 2 hours to begin to feel the effects, and up to 4 hours to feel the full effects. For example, if you take a soft gel to help you sleep, you should take your dose at least 30 minutes before your bedtime.
Page 6, Producers note, there is a table with four columns headed:
Method of Consumption
About this method
How quickly it takes effect
How long effects last
The table reads:
Method of consumption
Inhaled – smoking
About this method
Dried cannabis made into a joint, or used in a pipe or bong
How quickly it takes effect
Within seconds to minutes
How long effects last
up to 6 hours, effects can last up to 24 hours
Method of consumption
Inhaled – vaping
About this method
Dried cannabis in a vaporizer, oil cartridges in a vape pen or e-cigarette
How quickly it takes effect
Within seconds to minutes
How long effects last
up to 4 hours
Method of consumption
Sublingually (under the tongue)
About this method
Sprays, oral dissolve strips
How quickly it takes effect
10–30 minutes
How long effects last
6–12 hours
Method of consumption
Ingested (oil based)
About this method
Cannabis oil, capsule or soft gel
How quickly it takes effect
10–60 minutes
How long effects last
up to 12 hours
Method of consumption
Ingested (food)
About this method
Edibles (baked or cooked into food)
How quickly it takes effect
30 minutes to 2 hours
How long effects last
up to 12 hours or more
Method of consumption
Topicals (on the skin)
About this method
Creams, lotions
How quickly it takes effect
not fully understood
How long effects last
Up to 6 hours or more
Recreational use, explained.
Transcript
Recreational cannabis
Cannabis with THC produces feelings of euphoria or relaxation. Recreational cannabis means a person is using cannabis for enjoyment rather than for medical reasons. While medical and recreational cannabis can come from the same plant sources, the products will focus on different chemical properties depending on the desired results.
Label for cannabis product with predominantly THC content.
THC per unit: 20mg
Total THC 200mg
CBD 0 mg/g
Total CBD 0 mg/g
Self-therapeutic use, explained.
Transcript
Self-therapeutic cannabis
Many people try various types of cannabis products on their own for various health conditions. This is called self-therapeutic use.
These people obtain cannabis without a prescription through a licenced provider. Some people choose cannabis as a way to self-medicate for reasons such as to reduce anxiety or for pain management.
Label for cannabis product with predominantly CBD content.
THC <1.00 mg/mL
Total THC <1.00 mg/mL
CBD 20.0 mg/mL
Total CBD 20.0 mg/mL
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and MODERATION
Remember, the key to good health is all things in moderation. When you start exercising, take it easy and give yourself time to adjust. If you're taking a cannabis product, go slow, pay attention to the effect, and be patient.
Medical use, explained. Reasons to have a prescription for medical cannabis.
Transcript
Medical cannabis
Medical cannabis is prescribed by a doctor to treat specific health conditions and symptoms. The prescription is filled by a licensed producer. The prescription could be for natural cannabis products in the form of THC or CBD. It could also be for a synthetic cannabis drug, only available by prescription.
In addition to natural cannabis products, pharmaceutical preparations are available. These are either created from the cannabis plant or recreated in a laboratory. They have a defined potency and dosing information.
Prescription cannabinoids that mimic THC have been approved by Health Canada for use in Canada. These are Marinol, Cesamet (or nabilone), and Sativex (or nabiximol). They are for the treatment of multiple sclerosis spasticity and pain due to cancer.
As cannabis is now legal in Canada, you might ask if a medical prescription is still needed.
Reasons why a person might want to get medical cannabis with a prescription include:
- Access to prescription synthetic cannabis.
- Workplace insurance plans are starting to cover medical cannabis, and a prescription receipt is needed to make a claim.
- If you are on government social assistance or are considered low-income, you may qualify for a discount.
- The Canadian Revenue Agency allows people with prescriptions to file their cannabis costs as a medical expense.
18. Section Cannabis And The Law
What is legal in Canada.
Transcript
Section Cannabis and the law
The Canadian Cannabis Act currently permits the sale of these products by licensed distributors:
- fresh cannabis
- dried cannabis
- cannabis oil
- cannabis plants
- cannabis seeds
- edible cannabis
- cannabis extracts
- cannabis topicals
These products can be sold in a variety of formats
Federal law says adults can:
Possess up to 30 grams, dried, or the equivalent amount in a non-dried form in public.
Share up to 30 grams of legal cannabis with other adults.
Buy dried or fresh cannabis and cannabis oil from a provincially-licensed retailer.
Purchase cannabis online from federally-licensed producers if there is no regulated retail framework in their province or territory.
Grow, from licensed seed or seedlings, up to 4 cannabis plants per residence for personal use.
Make cannabis products, such as food and drinks, at home. This is allowed as long as people do not create concentrated products.
Costs for dried cannabis, oil and capsules.
Transcript
Average cannabis costs
In 2021, the average price of cannabis in Canada was $10.30 per gram. The cost varies depending on the province, the type of cannabis purchased, and your dose. This chart gives examples of the range of prices for various products.
These prices are from 2018.
Producer’s note there is a table titled Cannabis Cost. It shows the Retail cost and Monthly cost
For the dried product, oil and capsules. The table reads:
Retail cost
Dry Product $5-15/g
Oil. $50-200 per bottle
Capsules. $100-200 for 60 capsules
Monthly cost
Dry Product 1g/day x 30 days = $150-450
Oil, 1 Bottle can last 1-3 months
Capsules 1-2 capsules/ day x 30 days = $100-400
Legal sources where you can buy cannabis products.
Transcript
Where to obtain cannabis
The answer to this question depends on the province. In general, the only legal sources of cannabis are:
- licensed private retail stores
- government-operated stores
- online or by telephone
- by mail for medical use.
Depending on the province there may be only a few or many retail locations.
21. Where Cannabis Can Be Used
Where to legally use cannabis.
Transcript
Where cannabis can be used
You can use cannabis in the privacy of your own home.
If you rent, your landlord may make rules in your lease about cannabis smoking, or growing.
Condominiums and apartment residences may also have their own rules.
Some provinces ban smoking or vaping cannabis in public. Or, it may only be permitted where smoking tobacco is also permitted.
22. Purchasing Medical Cannabis
Explains the process of getting a prescription for medical cannabis and how to get it filled.
Transcript
Purchasing medical cannabis
To purchase medical cannabis, ask your health care provider for a prescription. You then register with a licensed producer to receive cannabis by mail.
Across Canada there are also independent medical cannabis clinics. These clinics take referrals from doctors.
A cannabis clinic may be an alternative if your family physician cannot counsel you on cannabis use.
The clinics can arrange consultations with doctors who assess patients and write prescriptions for those who qualify.
Clinic staff then educate the patients on how to use medical cannabis.
They register them with a licensed producer who provides legal cannabis by mail.
The doctors at these clinics work as independent contractors or consultants. Some clinics charge a fee for patient visits.
Legal venues for cannabis sales.
Transcript
How cannabis is sold
Provinces and territories are responsible for deciding how cannabis is distributed and sold within their jurisdictions.
Each province and territory also has its own rules for cannabis, including:
- legal minimum age
- where adults may buy it
- where adults may use it
- how much adults may possess.
You are responsible for knowing what is legal in the province or territory where you live or visit.
What to look for on your cannabis product label.
Transcript
The cannabis plant contains a variety of chemical compounds called cannabinoids. The most well-known of these are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
There are hundreds of strains of cannabis in a variety of product forms. Depending on how they are made, these products can have a range of potencies of THC and CBD.
THC is what makes people feel "high". It causes a psychoactive response in the brain, which some people may enjoy and others may find unpleasant. Unlike THC, CBD does not produce a ‘high’ or cause a psychoactive response.
Higher THC potency products have greater health and safety risks and should not be used by anyone new to cannabis. It is important to make an informed decision, especially if you are inexperienced or trying a new product.
Be sure to read the label carefully. If you are buying cannabis for therapeutic purposes, the "Total THC" should be low to zero.
Producer’s note, a cannabis content label appears on this page that reads as follows:
THC ## mg/g
Total THC | THC total ## mg/g
CBD ## mg/g
Total CBD | CBD total ## mg/g
25. Identifying Legal Cannabis Products
Labelling required by the Government of Canada to be on all cannabis products.
Transcript
Identifying legal cannabis products
Legal cannabis products are only sold through retailers authorized by your provincial or territorial government.
- Legal cannabis products (except products with less than 0.3% THC or no THC) have an excise stamp on the package.
- Each province and territory has a differently coloured excise stamp.
- The stamp has security features to prevent forgery, just like passports and banknotes.
<Producer’s note there is an example of a cannabis duty stamp highlighting its unique features.>
anti-copy line work, colour shifting, intaglio latent symbol, unique identifier and jurisdiction.
Understanding cannabis product’s labels.
Transcript
Packaging labelling
All legal cannabis products sold in Canada require these labels.
Standardized cannabis symbol as required by the Canadian Government on all products containing THC.
There will be a statement of the amount of THC &/or CBD in each unit of the product as well as a statement of the total THC and CBD in the product. This will always appear in a white box.
If the product is edible it will state the total equivalent amount of dried cannabis in it.
If the product is edible, there will be the standard Nutrition Facts label.
There will be a two sentence warning on the packaging. The warning will always be on a yellow background.
This example is for edible cannabis products. There are eight different warning messages in total.
WARNING: The effects from eating or drinking cannabis can be long-lasting. The effects can last between 6 and 12 hours following use.
How to travel with cannabis legally.
Transcript
Travelling with Cannabis
Don't bring it in. Don't take it out.
Leaving Canada
It remains illegal to take cannabis or any product containing cannabis—including edible cannabis, cannabis extracts and cannabis topicals—across the Canadian border, whether you are entering or leaving the country.
Cannabis is illegal in most countries. If you try to travel internationally with any amount of cannabis in your possession, you could face serious criminal penalties both at home and abroad.
Travel to U.S.
Although the possession of cannabis is legal in some U.S. states, it remains illegal under U.S. federal laws. Do not attempt to cross the Canada-U.S. border with any amount of cannabis in any form, even if you are travelling to a U.S. state that has legalized possession of cannabis.
Travelling with cannabis within Canada
When you travel within Canada, if you meet the minimum age requirement of the province or territory you are in, you may possess up to 30 grams of dried cannabis or the equivalent.
You are responsible for learning the laws of the province or territory you are going to visit. If you use cannabis, follow the laws in that jurisdiction.
While you are travelling between two Canadian destinations, pay attention if your flight has a stop-over in the U.S. Cannabis is not legal in the U.S. Also keep in mind flights can be redirected to the U.S. due to weather or mechanical issues.
Safe storage of cannabis.
Transcript
Cannabis safety
Always store your cannabis products where children or pets cannot reach them.
Cannabis edibles and their packaging may lead children to think it's candy.
Clearly label and securely store any food products that contain cannabis.
Childproof lock
<picture caption> A child's fingers hold a lock that keeps a cupboard closed.
Childproof bottle
<picture caption> Image of childproof bottle. The cap reads "Open, Push Down & Turn".
Do not store with regular food
<picture caption> A red line frames an open refrigerator. There is a red line through the picture indicating "Do Not".
Keep out of reach of children & pets
<picture caption> A picture of a line of pets includes a budgie, iguana, cat, dog, rabbit and ferret.
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and MODERATION
It's good to share information and experiences. Don't be afraid or ashamed to tell friends or family if you're trying cannabis. You might be surprised to find out other people you know have tried cannabis as well. Be open to new information. Listen and learn.
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30. Cannabis Help With Health Issues
Understanding therapeutic benefits of cannabis.
Transcript
Cannabis help with health issues
Cannabinoids are similar to naturally occurring compounds in the human body, known as endocannabinoids. They act on the endocannabinoid system. Research on the endocannabinoid system is still very limited.
The system runs throughout the entire nervous system, including the brain. It has receptors throughout the human body. It is thought to impact the nervous system, immune function, mood and appetite, and other body functions.
The two most well-known cannabinoid receptors are CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are responsible for the psychoactive effects of THC. They may play a role in memory, mood, sleep, appetite and pain levels. The CB1 receptors are also found in brain areas related to motor control and cognition. CB2 receptors are found mostly in the cells of the immune system and in muscle and bone tissues. They may play a role in reducing inflammation.
Medical researchers are testing the potential of cannabinoids to reduce stress, build appetite, promote sleep, and modulate pain and inflammation.
There may be a role for cannabis to play in various health issues and healthy aging. In some cultures, cannabis is considered an ancient herbal medicine.
But right now, the scientific evidence is limited.
The human endocannabinoid system regulates a number of physiological functions. Researchers are still learning about this system. Cannabinoids (from cannabis) interact with the endocannabinoid system. This produces a broad range of effects on our bodies and minds.
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THE HUMAN ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM
CB1 Receptors are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system, but are also present in nerves and in some organs.
CB2 Receptors are mostly in the peripheral organs especially cells associated with the immune system.
THC and CBD fit like a lock and key into existing human receptors.
*CBD does not directly "fit" CB1 or CB2 receptors but has powerful indirect effects still being studied.
The endocannabinoid system also regulates
Temperature regulation
Memory
Cardiovascular function
Energy balance and metabolism
Digestion
31. Cannabis And Medical Conditions
Overview
Transcript
Cannabis and medical conditions
Cannabis is said to have many health benefits. But there is limited scientific evidence to support many of the therapeutic claims. More research is needed to understand the benefits and risks.
Health Canada allows the use of cannabis for any medical condition, as long as a doctor prescribes it. However, cannabis has not gone through the regulatory processes required to approve a drug. A few synthetic cannabinoid products have been approved for clinical use for specific conditions. These are Cesamet (nabilone) and Sativex (nabiximol).
Older adults anecdotal information.
Transcript
Benefits of cannabis
Cannabis products can work for some older adults and not others. Although research is still limited, older adults do report the benefits in anecdotes.
When those who use medical cannabis are asked what the benefits are, they say:
- better quality of life
- helps with sleep
- helps with pain
- allows them to stop using prescription drugs.
The effectiveness of medical cannabis appears to be very individual. It depends on the reason for its use and finding the right type and dosage.
The research we have shows three conditions that do benefit from medical cannabis:
- chronic, unrelieved, severe pain in palliative care
- nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy
- muscle spasms due to multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.
Older adults’ interest in cannabis as a therapy is increasing. As a result, the medical community is taking a practical approach.
Conditions being treated with medical cannabis include:
Certain kinds of pain
Arthritis
Palliative care
Sleep and insomnia
Lack of appetite
Glaucoma
Dementia
Anxiety and depression
What types of pain cannabis is proven to help with.
Transcript
Certain kinds of pain
Often, cannabis is promoted as a universal option for pain relief. But current research only shows positive results for nerve pain related to:
- multiple sclerosis
- diabetes
- pain related to HIV (sensory neuropathy)
- postsurgical or posttraumatic pain
- fibromyalgia.
Neuropathic pain is associated with nerve damage. It includes shooting or burning pain as well as tingling and numbness. It can be severe and come in waves. This type of pain is common with diabetes, nerve or spinal cord compression, and chemotherapy.
Cannabis-based medicines showed moderate neuropathic pain reduction. Test results show that herbal cannabis, plant-derived THC (dronabinol), synthetic THC (nabilone), or a plant-derived THC/CBD combination worked.
The effectiveness varied according to:
- length of the treatment
- type of cannabis used.
There was a trend for best results by either eating, or putting a drop under the tongue, followed by mouth or nose sprays and inhaled (smoked) cannabis.
The Canadian Pain Society, in line with most professional bodies, currently recommends cannabinoids as ‘third-line agents’. That means to try it if other treatments do not work.
Cannabis for arthritis.
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Arthritis
Osteoarthritis or joint pain is common among older adults. The pain is thought to be caused by damage to the joint, inflammation, or nerve damage.
There are endocannabinoid receptors in joints, and cannabis has anti-inflammatory properties. The theory is that maybe cannabis could reduce nerve pain from osteoarthritis. Research studies in animals appear promising, but there are no studies in humans yet.
The story is the same with rheumatoid arthritis. There is very little research, but an early study has shown promise. It found that a mouth spray called Sativex reduced pain related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Both the Arthritis Society of Canada and the Canadian Rheumatology Association understand the interest in cannabis. They suggest a practical approach.
Cannabis use in palliative care.
Transcript
Palliative care
Pain and symptom control are common concerns in the final stage of life. Palliative doctors are exploring cannabis more and more as an alternative to opioids.
Treatment in palliative care often focuses on cancer pain. There is evidence that cannabinoids (combined THC/CBD) are modestly effective in reducing cancer-related pain.
The medical community in palliative care has recommended cannabis-based Cesamet (or nabilone or nabiximol), but only after other pain relief therapies have been unsuccessful.
Cannabis use as pain relief is well-tolerated, but as with all treatments, there has to be a discussion about side effects. Delirium is common in the final stages of life. This may be exaggerated with higher doses of cannabis. Cannabis can induce dissociative-like states, which create “distancing” from pain. Patients may not be receptive to these types of effects.
Although treatment in palliative care often focuses on pain, many patients may want to address other common symptoms at end of life, such as anxiety, depression, nausea, loss of appetite, or insomnia.
Cannabis use for sleep disorders.
Transcript
Sleep and insomnia
Many older adults have trouble with sleeping. Since cannabis can make you sleepy, older adults try it for sleep issues. This is one benefit commonly reported by cannabis users.
However, research is limited on the topic. The research we have often describes sleep as a secondary outcome to another condition.
Research participants reported better sleep with certain strains of smoked THC and THC-derivatives, alone or in combination with cannabidiol. These treatments may improve sleep quality, decrease sleep disturbances, and decrease time to fall asleep for people with:
- fibromyalgia
- chronic pain
- multiple sclerosis.
Cannabis use for lack of appetite.
Transcript
Lack of appetite
The THC in cannabis is thought to stimulate the appetite. Cannabis users often get hungry. There is no research that proves this is true for older adults. There is some limited research that shows THC can increase appetite in people with HIV/AIDS and cancer patients.
Cannabis and glaucoma.
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Glaucoma
One of the main causes of vision loss among older adults is glaucoma, which is caused by pressure inside the eyeball. Cannabis can reduce swelling and it does have the ability to reduce eye pressure. But the dose required could produce other unwanted physiological responses.
The Canadian Ophthalmological Society does not support cannabidiol use for treatment of glaucoma.
Cannabis and Parkinson's Disease.
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Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease and in Canada, 79% of individuals with Parkinson’s are 65 years or older. Parkinson’s disease causes tremors to develop, muscle movements become slower and more rigid, and reflexes become impaired contributing to a loss of balance. It is thought that the part of the brain affected by Parkinson’s disease can be positively affected by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of CBD to reduce the above symptoms. Currently there is promising research in animals, but not yet in humans.
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and BRAIN HEALTH
Most experts agree that light to moderate physical activity is one of the best protectors against the loss of both body and brain function. In fact, the ideal recipe for enhanced brain health may be the combination of physical activity, intellectual stimulation, and social interaction, all at the same time.
Cannabis and dementia.
Transcript
Alzheimer's
Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia. Researchers think that one factor is inflammation of neurons in the brain. Because CBD from cannabis has anti-inflammatory properties, they think it might help to slow down the progress of the disease. Animal studies have shown some success, but there is no conclusive evidence of this in humans.
Cannabis has shown some success in easing the agitation and aggression that can come with dementia. But more studies are needed to confirm this and to identify a therapeutic dose.
There are some very early research studies that show very low doses of cannabidiol (CBD) in healthy people may protect neurons and help maintain their growth in older adults. Although promising, much research still needs to be done.
Older adults mental health and cannabis.
Transcript
Mental health
Aging means we continue to change. That means we must continue to adapt. Some older adults have mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. But mental health issues are not necessarily a part of normal aging.
The evidence is mixed about using cannabis to treat mental health issues. Recent studies show some promise, but we need more and larger studies on the effects of cannabis on older people.
Studies show that cannabis can heighten anxiety in people who have certain types of anxiety such as public speaking and social anxiety.
Health professionals do not recommended cannabis to treat depression. Depression is a risk factor that may cause problem cannabis use.
42. Section Cannabis Side Effects And Risks
Potential side effects of cannabis use.
Transcript
Section: Cannabis side effects and risks
Possible side effects of using cannabis
A side effect or adverse event is any unwanted effect of using a medical product.
Some short-term side effects reported by older adults include:
dry mouth;
drowsiness;
dizziness;
headache;
cognitive problems such as reduced memory, reduced attention span, slowness to react, poor judgment or problem-solving ability;
impaired co-ordination and balance;
distorted perception;
feeling anxious or an increased heart rate.
Not everyone has unwanted side effects. Choosing a product with both THC and CBD can help lessen the unwanted effects of THC.
Anyone choosing to use therapeutic cannabis has to take an active role in finding the dose that works for them.
They need to decide if the benefits outweigh the side effects.
43. Older Adults Who Should NOT Use Cannabis
Older adults at risk if they use cannabis.
Transcript
Older adults who should NOT use cannabis
Older adults who have mental illness, or a family history of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis should avoid using cannabis.
Anyone who has a cardiovascular disease or unstable blood pressure should not smoke cannabis. Any type of smoking will worsen heart problems.
Older adults with impaired balance should not use cannabis, because it increases loss of balance.
Older adults who use cannabis may have increased risk of injuries requiring emergency room visits.
Cannabis and falls.
Transcript
Risk of falls
THC is thought to connect with receptors in the body that affect coordination, balance and depth perception. These are all abilities that decline with age. The added changes in balance or gait in cannabis users may increase the risk of falls.
Drowsiness and dizziness, two known side effects of cannabis, can also contribute to instability and falling in older people.
There is very limited research on this topic. Small percentages of older cannabis users report feeling uneasy on their feet.
If you are thinking about using cannabis products, you should take this into account until you see how it affects you.
You should also take this into account whenever you plan to use a cannabis product, so that you can ensure you are safe.
Driving while being under the influence of cannabis is illegal.
Transcript
Driving risk
There is no evidence for safe levels of cannabis use for driving. Driving after cannabis consumption is illegal in Canada.
Some effects of cannabis use, such as drowsiness, can last up to 24 hours – well after other effects may have faded.
The time it takes for the effects of cannabis to wear off depends on:
- how much and how often you consumed it
- whether you smoked or ate it.
Cannabis dependence.
Transcript
Addiction risk
Older adults have the same risk for addiction as younger people do.
Addiction is also called ‘substance use disorder’ or ‘dependence’. All of these terms mean that there is “clinically significant impairment or distress.” In other words, your need for the drug has taken over and is causing big problems in your life and relationships.
Older adults who have other substance use disorders, such as alcohol addiction, should avoid cannabis use.
When an older adult is using cannabis, their family, friends, and health care providers should be aware of the common signs and symptoms of cannabis use disorder.
Risks if withdrawal following cannabis dependence.
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Withdrawal risk
The brain adapts to the presence of cannabinoids. That may lead to dependence. If a person suddenly stops using, they may go through withdrawal. About 15% of older cannabis users have withdrawal symptoms when they stop use. Often, these are prolonged users.
Research on withdrawal in older adults is very limited. The research we have shows that older adults have withdrawal symptoms similar to those of younger adults.
The symptoms can include:
- irritability
- restlessness
- insomnia or interrupted sleep
- anxiety
- loss of appetite.
It can take a few days and up to four weeks for all withdrawal symptoms to go away.
Older adults and the risks of overconsumption.
Transcript
Risk of overconsumption
Cannabis is often seen as a ‘soft’ drug that causes less or no harm. But cannabis potency has increased over the years. The potency of THC in cannabis can vary. In dried cannabis, it has risen from 3% in the 1980's to about 15% today.
When CBD is taken orally, some reported side effects include dry mouth, low blood pressure, light headedness, drowsiness, and diarrhea. A rare side effect is liver damage. CBD can also interact with some prescription medications.
People who have not used cannabis in many years may be surprised by how much stronger it is now. Older adults who begin to use cannabis in later life may be at risk because they do not have experience with the product.
These factors can lead to overconsumption. It is important to treat cannabis as a drug and learn about concentrations of THC in various products.
Determining a safe dose of products such as salve, oils, and edibles may be challenging. For example, the effect of edible cannabis products are difficult to predict for new users. For the same reason caution is recommended with homemade edibles. There's a risk with homemade edibles the drug is not evenly distributed.
Because the effect may not happen right away, users may take more to achieve the desired effect faster. That causes the risk of overconsuming.
People who have consumed too much cannabis will often report feeling sleepy, anxious, fearful, or nervous. They may report having visions. People will often feel nauseous and may vomit.
If you experience any of these symptoms, stay calm. Often these effects will pass in a few hours.
49. Risks For Lifelong Cannabis Users
Known risks for life long users.
Transcript
Risks for lifelong cannabis users
The effect of long-term cannabis use on aging is currently being studied. Older adults who have used cannabis throughout their life may be a high-risk group for cognitive impairment. There is some research to show that life-long users have changes in the brain. These could increase age-related mental decline.
50. Using Cannabis And Alcohol
It’s not a good idea to mix the two. Here’s why.
Transcript
Using cannabis and alcohol
Using alcohol and cannabis (THC) at the same time is likely to result in greater impairment than when using either one alone. THC acts on cannabinoid receptors in the brain, which can lead to cognitive effects and impairments. Alcohol heavily impacts motor skills because of how it influences the central nervous system but can affect cognition as well. When people drink and smoke THC together, alcohol may increase the amount of THC that is absorbed into the body. This may cause higher THC levels and increased experience of the uncomfortable side effects of THC, increased risk of alcohol poisoning, and higher risk of behaviours like impaired driving.
There is not sufficient research yet on combining alcohol and CBD. However, alcohol and CBD are both relaxants and so these effects could be stronger and last longer when the two substances are taken together. CBD may be able to reduce the effects of alcohol in the body, but not enough is known. It is also theorized that alcohol can interact with CBD even if you use it within hours of each other. When using both, keep the doses low until you know how you will react to them.
51. Risks With Cannabis Use And Aging
Changes in the older adults body means different reactions to cannabis.
Transcript
Risks with cannabis use and aging
When a person is deciding whether to use cannabis, education and counselling are important to help them understand its safe use.
Risk assessment is an important part of this process. Aging adds risks for older people, for example, they may have a chronic illness. They may be taking other medication that could put them at risk when using therapeutic cannabis.
Most research into cannabis describes the risks of THC rather than CBD. That is because THC is addictive and psychoactive — it affects the brain and nervous system. Excessive THC use has been linked to increasing depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and worsening symptoms for people who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .
Using cannabis may also lead to greater risks for heart disease and stroke. It may lead to increased hardening of the arteries. Older adults with heart conditions are at greater risk. Smoking cannabis can raise blood pressure and heart rate.
This increases the risk of stroke, heart attack, or arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm) for those who have heart conditions. Cannabis can also lower blood pressure, which can cause people to faint and fall.
Cannabis smoke contains many of the same harmful substances as tobacco smoke. Like smoking cigarettes, smoking cannabis can damage your lungs and can cause bronchitis-like symptoms, like coughing and wheezing. Vaping is thought to be less harmful than smoking, but it is not completely without harm.
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53. Cannabis And Its Effect On The Aging Body
Cannabis as it affects older adults.
Transcript
Cannabis and its effect on the aging body
We know very little about how the body processes cannabis as we age. There is limited research and it is currently being studied.
We do know that our bodies change with age
Cannabis may produce effects in older people that are different from younger users. For example, cannabis affects parts of the brain that are involved in learning, memory, and decision making. These same parts of the brain change with age and do not work as well. It is possible that the effects of cannabis could further impair brain function in older adults.
When doctors prescribe any drug, they must think about these factors:
- The movement of the drug into, through, and out of the body (pharmacodynamics). This includes the time it takes for the body to absorb it, how much it circulates and has an active effect (bioavailability and distribution), and how quickly it leaves the system (metabolism and excretion).
- How the drug affects the body (pharmokinetics).
As well, medical professionals must think about the dosage. There are age-related changes in liver and kidney function, body fat, and the digestive system. These changes can impact how effective a medication is, and at what dosage.
Age-related body changes also affect how quickly the body eliminates cannabis. This may take longer than for a younger adult.
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and AEROBIC FITNESS
Aerobic fitness is a measure of how well your body can move or work for longer than two minutes. To get aerobically fit, you need to practice moving the large muscles, such as those in your legs, trunk, and shoulders. You need to do this continuously for 10 minutes or more at a time, and your total activity should add up to at least 150 minutes (2. hours) per week.
Research clearly shows that this is the minimum amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity we need to stay healthy.
54. Drug Interactions With Cannabis
Potential interactions of cannabis with prescription drugs.
Transcript
Drug interactions with cannabis
Cannabis can interfere with other prescriptions and over-the-counter medications.
Here are some examples:
Cannabinoid levels can be increased by other medications.
Cannabis can affect the levels of other drugs in the body. This can have additive effects.
Using cannabis by smoking can increase clearance of other drugs.
Cannabis may influence sedative medications. Increasingly, anaesthesiologists ask patients about their cannabis use before operations because it may affect the amount of sedation required.
55. Recreational Cannabis Use And Older Adults
Concerns older adults should consider before using cannabis recreationally.
Transcript
Recreational cannabis use and older adults
Today’s older adults are ‘baby boomers’. They had greater exposure to ‘marijuana’ as young people and are more tolerant toward its recreational use than the generations that came before.
In the current generation of older adults, there are people who are life-long users, people who only used in early life, and new users in later life. We know very little about the effects and risks of cannabis for life-long users.
The THC in cannabis has become much more potent over the years. THC in dried cannabis was on average less than 3% in the 1980's. There are strains that can contain up to 30% THC today.
This is not something that many would have paid attention to when younger. But older adults need to pay closer attention now.
As we get older, changes in our body can affect how cannabis is metabolized and how it will affect you. It may not be the same experience as when you were younger. It may also stay in your system longer.
It’s important to tell your health care provider if you use cannabis, whether your use is medicinal or recreational. It is part of your overall medication profile.
They need to know what and how much you are taking. That means you need to use products that give that information. That way they can assess the danger of interaction with other medications.
56. If You Are Starting To Use Cannabis Or Start
If you start using cannabis or start again.
Transcript
If you are starting to use cannabis (or starting again) in later life
Be aware of the amount of THC that is in the cannabis product or strain you plan on using.
Start at the lowest possible level and slowly increase the dose until the desired effect is reached.
Avoid illegal synthetic cannabis such as K2 or Spice. There is a greater risk of bad side effects among older users because of the high potency.
Do not combine cannabis with any other recreational drug, including alcohol. If you have an addiction to alcohol or any other drug, you are at increased risk for cannabis addiction.
Use cannabis in a safe environment. THC is thought to connect with receptors in the body that affect coordination and balance. As we get older, falls become a greater concern.
Do not drive after consuming cannabis, it is illegal in Canada. Impairment can last for up to 24 hours.
57. Cannabis And Age-Related Change
Ways cannabis can affect older adults differently.
Transcript
Cannabis and age-related change
When younger people use THC recreationally, the concern is the impact on their developing brain. For older adults, the concern is that cannabis affects the same parts of the brain that show age-related changes. We do not know yet if cannabis increases age-related mental decline.
Smoking cannabis can lead to respiratory problems. It can increase heart rate and blood pressure, both risk factors for stroke and heart disease. Smoking anything is harmful to your lungs and can bring the same risks as cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and so on.
Vaping cannabis (inhaling the vapour through an electronic device) is now a popular option. While less harmful than smoking, it is not completely without harm. We do not know what the long-term health effects are of inhaling the substances in vaping products.
If you, or your family, have a history of mental illness or if you have a mental health issue now, avoid using cannabis recreationally.
58. Section Talking To Your Doctor About Cannabis
Things to consider before talking to your doctor about cannabis.
Transcript
Section: Talking to your doctor about cannabis
Be Wise sidebar:
ACTIVE AGING and AGEISM
Has anyone ever suggested you “take it easy” now that you are older?
Do you feel too old to be physically active?
In Canada we put a lot of value on helping older people once they get sick, but we don’t do much to encourage people to stay healthy.
Research shows elders can benefit more than anyone from being active 30 to 60 minutes every day. Generally, the more you do, the better you will feel. You may reduce your risk of disease by up to 50%. So, be active!
Therapeutic cannabis use and older adults
Therapeutic or medical cannabis use by older adults should be tailored to each person. It should take into account:
- symptoms that need treatment,
- severity of symptom(s),
- other health problems, and
- possible unwanted side effects.
The chart on page 44 is a suggested sequence of questions you may want to ask yourself if you are considering using cannabis for therapeutic reasons.
Page 44
Topic: Why use cannabis
Details: Examples: pain, agitation, weight loss, insomnia, anxiety
Topic: Treatment options
Details: Have you explored other treatment options? Examples: psychological therapy, physical therapy, other medications
Topic: What do you expect
Details: What does the science say about treating this condition with cannabis? How does that compare to anecdotal information (stories) from other people who have tried it?
Topic: Possible side effects
Details: Examples:
risk of heart disease or stroke
risk of falling
mental health issues
interaction with other medications
cognitive impairment
driving impairment
Topic: Assess risk
Details: Does the potential improvement in your symptoms and quality of life outweigh the risks?
Topic: Begin use
Details: Start with the lowest possible dose. If you are a new user, think about having someone with you on your first try. Find a safe and comfortable place. Keep a log or journal of your intake and how you feel (see page 50). Involve your family or friends to monitor side effects and assure your safety.
Topic: Evaluate
Details: Was there a benefit with use? Were there any side effects? Did the benefits outweigh the side effects? Should you change the dose? Higher or lower? Should you try a different way of taking it?
Reasons to talk to your doctor about using cannabis.
Transcript
Talking with your doctor
Cannabis is being promoted more and more for its health benefits, but many members of the medical community hesitate to prescribe it or may recommend against using it.
That is because there is still so little scientific evidence about the risks and benefits, especially for older adults. The Canadian Medical Association has said that this makes it hard for physicians to give good advice to their patients and to manage doses and side effects.
This requires a frank and open conversation between you and your health care provider. The chart on page 46 may help you organize your thoughts and questions, so you can make a treatment plan together.
If your family doctor does not feel comfortable advising on cannabis use or have training in cannabis prescription, you may choose to go to a cannabis clinic or licenced dispensary.
But your family doctor still plays an important role. For instance, your family doctor can identify risks for you such as drug interactions. You will need this information when you go elsewhere to get cannabis.
60. Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Sample question s you might ask your doctor.
Transcript
Questions to ask your doctor
Can cannabis work for me?
Are there health impacts or side effects
I should be concerned about?
Will cannabis interact with any medications I am taking?
Will using cannabis allow me to stop taking other prescription medications?
What is the best or safest method for me to take cannabis, given my health history?
How often should I follow up with you?
Am I at risk for becoming dependent on cannabis? Are there signs to watch out for?
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and HEART HEALTH
The habit of being physically active over many years can help protect against heart disease. Researchers have found that being physically active can lower your resting heart rate, lower your blood pressure, improve your fitness.
Studies show that older men and women who exercise live longer and do not develop heart disease as often as people who do not exercise.
Thirty minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week is quite easy to manage. The only rule is that your heart has to beat a little faster and make you breathe a little harder. Walking more quickly than normal gives you a good idea of how hard you need to work.
61. Section Dosing And Your Health Condition
Section Title.
Transcript
Section: Dosing and your health condition
62. Approved Dosing Instructions For My Health
What we know and don’t know about cannabis dosing, and suggestions about dosing.
Transcript
Approved dosing instructions for my health condition
There is very little research on cannabis for older adults, so there are no formal rules for dosing or choosing formulations (ways to take cannabis).
Right now, the best advice on finding out how your body reacts to cannabis is: “Start low and go slow.” Slowly starting and increasing the dose is called “titration.”
Here is another current guideline — if you are trying for the first time, take your dose in the evening or at night. That helps to limit problems from any side effects. Begin with just one dose a day. This is so that you can assess how long the effects last. You want to avoid double dosing as this might lead to bad side effects.
Please remember: this section is intended for information purposes only. It is not intended to offer medical advice or be interpreted or used as a standard of medical practice.
63. Guidelines On Starting Dosages For Recreational Use
Suggested dosages for recreational use.
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Guidelines on starting dosages for recreational use
Products with higher THC
A starting dose of THC is 2.5 mg, once per day, but this could start as low as 1.25 mg for older adults, especially people who have no experience with cannabis.
This dose can increase by 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg until you get the desired effect.
Warning: Doses over 25–30 mg of THC a day increase the risk of bad side effects.
Oral THC preparations are usually easier to judge than inhaled products. That is because the producer can be more precise about the concentrations.
If you are using a product that you inhale, like a ‘joint’ (called a "pre-roll"), or a vaping device, the starting dose is 1 inhale of a product with 9% maximum THC once a day. This can be increased to 1 inhale, 4 times a day. Four times a day would result in about half a 'joint' a day or 400 mg. The amount of THC you absorb by inhaling is around 25% of the total THC in a 'joint'. But this absorption is affected by how long you hold your breath after inhaling and how many puffs you take.
64. Guidelines On Starting Dosages For Therapeutic Use
Suggested dosages for therapeutic use.
Transcript
Guidelines on starting dosages for therapeutic use
Edible oil products with high CBD and low THC
We know that CBD is generally well tolerated, even at higher doses. The starting dose of CBD is often listed as 5 mg, once a day.
For example, a CBD chewable often equals 5 mg of CBD. A softgel may have 5 mg or 0.25 ml of cannabis oil that contains 20 mg per ml of CBD.
How much you take, and whether you increase the dosage, depends on your condition(s) and health reason for taking CBD.
- With CBD oil, start with a low dose of 0.1 ml of oil (i.e., 2 mg CBD with 1.5 mg/ml of THC or less or none) once a day, and increase slowly if needed. Increase the dose by 0.1 ml every day or every other day until you achieve your desired effect for your symptoms.
- Oil products from licenced producers often include a syringe that you use to measure the oil you are taking. This allows you to increase the dose in 0.1 ml increments if required.
- Once you have found a dose that works for you in an oil product, you will likely not need to increase your dosage. Usually, you will not develop a tolerance to the benefits. That means you will not need to take more and more.
A log to chart your cannabis use.
Transcript
Your personal usage log
Date _________Product _______________Dose _______
Symptoms prior to use _____________________________
Symptoms after use _______________________________
Duration of effect _________________________________
Websites and references
Transcript
References and resources
Be Wise sidebar
ACTIVE AGING and HEALTHY EATING
Sometimes people assume that falls and injuries, cancer, and chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease are a natural part of growing older. But research tells us that these conditions might occur because we are not active enough or are not eating a healthy diet. If we choose to be active and eat a healthy diet, in combination, we can slow down the progress of diabetes, heart diseases and some cancers. They also help to prevent falls and injuries.
Literature Review
www.activeagingcanada.ca/assets/pdf/practitioners/cannabis/Older-Adults-and-Cannabis-Use.pdf
Provincial Territorial Regulations
www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/laws-regulations/provinces-territories.html
Government of Canada – Cannabis in Canada: Get the Facts
www.canada.ca/en/services/health/campaigns/cannabis.html
Cannabis – Government of Canada
www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis.html
Medical Use of Cannabis – Government of Canada
www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/topics/cannabis-for-medical-purposes.html
Canadian Public Health Association – Cannabasics
www.cpha.ca/cannabasics
Cannabis Information for Older Adults – Ottawa Public Health
www.ottawapublichealth.ca/en/public-health-topics/cannabis-information-for-older-adults.aspx
Medical Cannabis and Arthritis – Arthritis Society of Canada
arthritis.ca/support-education/online-learning/medical-cannabis-and-arthritis
Cannabis and the Treatment of Dementia – Alzheimer’s Society of Canada
alzheimer.ca/en/Home/About-dementia/Treatment-options/cannabis-and-treatment-dementia
Cannabis and Your Medications [Infographic] – Canadian Centre for Substance Abuse and Addiction
www.ccsa.ca/cannabis-and-your-medications-infographic
Canadian Coalition For Seniors' Mental Health – list of online resources for cannabis use disorder
ccsmh.ca/cannabis-guidelines/
Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and Addiction – Cannabis
www.ccsa.ca/cannabis
Cannabis and International Travel
travel.gc.ca/travelling/cannabis-and-international-travel
Cannabis Use Demographics
www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/191030/dq191030a-eng.htm
Cannabis Product Labeling
www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/cannabis-regulations-licensed-producers/packaging-labelling-guide-cannabis-products/guide.html
Active Aging
www.activeagingcanada.ca/participants/get-active/healthy-living/active-living-tip-sheets.htm
Cannabis Use and Canadian Adults
www.activeagingcanada.ca/practitioners/resources/cannabis.htm
67. It's Easy To Order Your Copy of Be Wise
Ordering information.
Transcript
It's easy to order your copy of Be Wise
To order one free copy of the Be Wise booklet for personal use you can order through our website, call us or use the mail. If you wish more than one copy for an organization, please order through the website.
Online activeagingcanada.ca
Phone 1-800-549-9799
Mail
Active Aging Canada
P.O. Box 143, Stn. Main
Shelburne ON
L9V 3L8
List of consultants who worked on the Be Wise booklet.
Transcript
Consultants
Facilitation: Patsy Beattie-Huggan The Quaich
Administration: Tonia Hearst
French Translation: Claire Jobidon
Art Direction: Ward Maxwell
Clear Language: Sally McBeth Clear Language and Design
Digital Marketing: Kyle McTaggart Park House Solutions
Web Management: Andrew Wilczynski New Concept Design
Language Translation: Lilia Zaytseva Universum Translation & Consulting
Credits for the e-publication.
Transcript
You have just listened to Be Wise, Cannabis and Older Adults. A publication produced by Active Aging Canada. The audio book was recorded at CNIB Toronto studios. It was narrated by Mark Nicholas Dimeda, and editing, mastering and production was completed by the CNIB Beyond Prints Audio Publishing Team, all rights reserved, 2021.